The “central dogma” in biology is generally the idea that genetic information (DNA) encodes RNA which is translated into proteins (DNA  RNA  polypeptide and then protein). Describe (generally) the main steps of this process (in eukaryotic cells), listing at least five steps in the process. Then, briefly describe two ways that this process isn’t always so linear, or doesn’t proceed in this typical fashion

Which statements best describe the differences or similarities between a comparative investigation and an experimental investigation? check all that apply. experimental investigations are best for showing cause-and-effect relationships, while comparative investigations do not necessarily show this type of relationship. comparative investigations are often impractical and unrealistic, while experimental investigations are the most practical and realistic kinds of investigations. comparative investigations allow for the use of a wide range of variables but do not have a control group, while experimental investigations involve variables that can be controlled. both experimental investigations and comparative investigations are designed to answer scientific questions. both experimental investigations and comparative investigations focus on making observations rather than collecting new data.

Two students are working together on an experiment that measures the effect of different liquid fertilizers on the thickness of plants’ stems. which is most likely to result in the greatest amount of error in their scientific experiment? a.one student measures the plant stem widths by using calipers. the other student measures the widths of the same plant stems again by using a different pair of calipers. b.one student measures the plant stem widths by using calipers. the other student types the measurements as they are taken into a computer spreadsheet. c.one student weighs liquids for the experiment by using a calibrated scale. the other student weighs liquids for the experiment by using a different calibrated scale.

What would most likely happen if green plants were exposed to longer days of sunlight? a. the mitochondria would produce less energy . b. the chloroplasts would produce more energy. c. the cell wall would become thicker. d. the vacuoles would quickly shrink.b. the chloroplasts would produce more energy.