Non-protein coding DNA in eukaryotes contains repetitive elements that include (select all that apply): Group of answer choices Pseudo genes. Interspersed, transposon-derived repeats. Segmental duplications. Simple sequence repeats.

interspersed, transposon-derived repeats, simple sequence repeats.

Explanation:

In the human genome, not only the protein coding genes are present, in fact these genes make up just a very little portion of the human genome about 1.5-2% of the entire human genome. Repeats make up about 48% of the human genome which is the largest and the rest include, conserved non coding sequences (43.5%), heterochromatin regions etc.  

Some of the repetitive elements includes LINEs, SINEs, DNA fossils tranposoon, Retrovirus like elements. all these are transposable elements which are  mobile DNA sequences that can migrate to different  regions/areas of the genome.

Microsatellites (simple sequence repeats) are tracts of repetitive DNA in which certain DNA motifs are repeated normally 5-50 times.

step 1: initiation

initiation is the beginning of transcription. it occurs when the enzyme rna polymerase binds to a region of a gene called the promoter. this signals the dna to unwind so the enzyme can ‘‘read’’ the bases in one of the dna strands. the enzyme is now ready to make a strand of mrna with a complementary sequence of bases.

step 2: elongation

elongation is the addition of nucleotides to the mrna strand. rna polymerase reads the unwound dna strand and builds the mrna molecule, using complementary base pairs. there is a brief time during this process when the newly formed rna is bound to the unwound dna. during this process, an adenine (a) in the dna binds to an uracil (u) in the rna.

step 3: termination

termination is the ending of transcription, and occurs when rna polymerase crosses a stop (termination) sequence in the gene. the mrna strand is complete, and it detaches from dna.