An example of ligand-gated ion channels is . An example of ligand-gated ion channels is . the spreading of action potentials in the heart cAMP-dependent protein kinases acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction action potentials on the axon

the spreading of action potentials in the heart

Explanation:

Ligand-gated ion channels (LICs, LGIC), also also known as ionotropic receptors, are a group of transmembrane ion-channel proteins which open to allow ions such as Na+, K+, Ca2+, and/or Cl− to pass through the membrane in response to the binding of a chemical messenger (i.e. a ligand), such as a neurotransmitter

When a presynaptic neuron is excited, it releases a neurotransmitter from vesicles into the synaptic cleft. The neurotransmitter then binds to receptors located on the postsynaptic neuron. If these receptors are ligand-gated ion channels, the change opens the ion channels, which leads to a flow of ions across the cell membrane. This, in turn, results in either a depolarization, for an excitatory receptor response, or a hyperpolarization, for an inhibitory response.

Ligand-gated ion channels are likely to be the major site at which anaesthetic agents and ethanol have their effects,

light dependent reactions:

light independent reactions:

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