Group and Mutation Time Taken to Collect Candy Time Taken to Eat Candy
A Extra long nails 1 minute 3 seconds 8 minutes 12 seconds
B No digits; hands paddle-like 15 seconds 7 minutes 18 seconds
C Normal 22 seconds 2 minutess 44 seconds
D Hands fused in front
of body; no range of motion Did not collect 15 pieces.
Collected 11 pieces Ate 11 pieces;
4 minutes 12 seconds
E Webbing on hands and feet 11 minutes 45 seconds 17 minutes 12 seconds
F No peripheral 3 minutes 2 seconds 2 minutes 52 seconds
G Blind Did not collect 15 pieces.
Collected 4 pieces in 4 minutes Ate only 4 pieces;
1 minute 16 seconds
H Short legs; normal number
of digits on hands and feet 55 seconds 3 minutes 2 seconds

Natural selection involves changes in the genetic makeup of a population over a period of time. The random change of DNA from parent to offspring, called mutations, can help produce variations in offspring. Some mutations can be helpful, while others can be harmful. In this experiment, students modeled random mutations. Data was collected to determine if the mutations were helpful or harmful when trying to collect and eat food.
Imagine climate change causes an increase in global temperature, polar ice melts, and sea levels on Earth rise. The organisms in this study live in a coastal marsh. Global warming has caused flooding and the once marshy habitat is underwater. Compare and contrast the traits of each group. Which group would most likely survive and reproduce in this new habitat?
A) Group A
B) Group B
C) Group E
D) Group H

This type of galaxy is an approximately ellipsoidal shape and a smooth, nearly featureless image. they are the largest single star systems, in the universe and are built by the collisions of many smaller galaxies.

Environmental science studies the interactions between the physical, chemical, and biological components of the environment, including their effects on all types of organisms. earth science (also known as geoscience), is an inclusive term for all sciences related to earth (geology, meteorology, oceanogr maphy, etc).  although environmental and earth science cover essentially the same material, environmental science places greater emphasis on the biological realm, while earth science places greater emphasis on the physical realm.    environmental and earth science study the interactions of four major systems or “spheres” (figure 8.6).  the  geosphere  consists of the core, mantle and crust of the earth.the  atmosphere  contains all of the earth’s air and is divided into troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere and ionosphere.the  hydrosphere  contains all of the solid, liquid and gaseous water on earth, extending from the depths of the sea to the upper reaches of the troposphere where water is found.  ninety-seven percent of the hydrosphere is found in salty oceans, and the remainder is found as vapor or droplets in the atmosphere and as liquid in ground water, lakes, rivers, glaciers and snowfields.  the  biosphere  is the collection of all earth’s life forms, distributed in major life zones known as biomes:   tundra, boreal forest, temperate deciduous forest, temperate grassland, desert, savannah, tropical rainforest, chaparral, freshwater, and marine.although the four systems have their unique identities, there is substantial interaction between them.  environmental scientists study the effects of events in one sphere on the other spheres. for example, a volcanic eruption in the geosphere may cause profound direct and indirect effects on the hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere as follows: example 1 (volcano)    on may 18, 1980, mount saint helens, in the state of washington, erupted.  this event altered the surrounding environment, and provided scientists with an opportunity to study the effects of volcanic eruptions on the geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere.  such studies are vital because volcanic eruptions will continue to occur, and will have increasing impact on humans as people continue to settle lands closer to dormant volcanoes. the following are but a few of the myriad of interactions resulting from a volcanic