During fermentation, yeast cells convert pyruvate to ethanol and CO2. Fermentation also occurs in human muscle cells when oxygen is depleted. In the case of muscle cells, what are the by-product(s) of the fermentation of pyruvate?1. Oxygen and ATP2. Ethanol and Co23. Lactic acid 4. Sugar and protein5. ATP and NADH

option 3 lactic acid

Explanation:

In the muscle cell, during strenuous exercises, the oxygen cannot be taken to the respiratory system fast enough to allow for aerobic respiration to occur. thus, for continuous production of ATP, the muscle cell have to reduce pyruvate in the process of lactic acid fermentation to give rise to Lactic acid, ethanol and carbondioxide. this way, the cell can continue to produce ATP but in low amounts compared to aerobic respiration, although accumulation of lactic acid can lead to muscle fatigue and pain.

interphase

the period of cell growth when the cell synthesizes new molecules and organelles. the cell is not dividing and it constitutes the majority of the time spent in the cell cycle

prophase

changes occur in the nucleus and cytoplasm. the chromatin condenses to form structures (sister chromatids) visible with a light microscope and the mitotic spindle begins to form, but the nucleus is still in tact

prometaphase

the nuclear envelope fragments and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the sister chromatids

metaphase

all the cell's duplicated chromosomes are lined up at an imaginary plane equidistant between the poles of the mitotic spindle

anaphase

begins when sister chromatids separate from each other and ending when a complete set of daughter chromosomes arrives at each of the two poles of the cell

telophase

the daughter nuclei form at the two poles of a cell

cytokinesis

the division of a cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells. usually occurs during telophase during mitosis. this and mitosis make up to mitotic (m) phase of the cell cycle

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