Fungi are ecologically important for all of the following EXCEPT:
a. are used as food by a variety of animals (including humans)
b. recycling of chemicals between the biological and physical worlds
c. atmospheric oxygen is a major by-product of fungal phototrophy
d. sources of toxic chemicals, including antibiotics
e. mycorrhizal association with vascular plants

sources of toxic chemicals, including antibiotics

Explanation:

volcanoes (an event in the geosphere) release a large amount of particulate matter into the atmosphere. these particles serve as nuclei for the formation of water droplets (hydrosphere). rainfall (hydrosphere) often increases following an eruption, stimulating plant growth (biosphere).

nucleic acid molecules are incredibly complex, containing the code that guarantees the four different nucleotide units comprise dna, the nucleic acid of interest to the genealogist. and one of four nitrogen-containing molecules called nucleotides