A key derived character of sharks and rays that distinguishes them from ray-finned fishes is
A) jaws and a swim bladder.
B) vertebrae.
C) calcified (hard) bones.
D) a skeleton made of cartilage

Jaws and a swimming bladder

Explanation:

A defining characteristic between sharks and rays that distinguish them from ray-finned fish is the *possession of jaws in sharks* and rays;and the *possession of swimming bladder in ray-finned fishes*.

Characteristics of sharks and rays are as follows :

They are cartiiliginous fishes; they possess *strong jaws* lined with teeth; body dorsoventrally flattened, fusiform (spindle shaped) with heterocercal tail(diphycercal in Chimaeras); paired fins; *no swimming bladder or lungs*; pelvic fins in males often modified to form clappers; Gill arches internal to gills; reduced notchord; lateral-line system; paired nostrils; internal nares absent; separate sexes; internal fertilization and direct development; oviparous, oviparous, or ovoviviparous. Examples include, Spiny dog fish or dog shark, Ray Raja, Chimaera.

Characteristics of ray-finned fishses:

They generally lack paired fins; no internal nares; *air sacks usually function as swimming bladder*; skeleton usually well ossified. Blind olfactory sacs (do not open into the mouth); Tail homocercal. Examples include Tilapia, Claris,and Polypterus.

the level of progesterone is low at the pre-ovulatory phase of the cycle but it gradually increases and the levels are high at the luteal phase. if pregnancy occurs, the level of progesterone will be high throughout the pregnancy.

if egg is fertilized and the mother gets pregnant, progesterone starts preparing the uterus for the implantation. it starts building up the lining of uterus and make it hostile of the period of pregnancy.

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what do the different brain waves do?

explanation:

brainwaves are produced by synchronised electrical pulses from masses of neurons communicating with each other. brainwaves are detected using sensors placed on the scalp. brainwave speed is measured in hertz (cycles per second) and they are divided into bands delineating slow, moderate, and fast waves.