One genetic engineering application that relies on transgenic organisms is the production of large quantities of a desired protein, such as the human insulin protein. This process involves the use of restriction enzymes that act like molecular scissors to cut out the gene of interest. Another enzyme called ligase "glues" the gene into the target DNA.
Write the steps of gene cloning into the correct sequence.

1. Ligase pastes the insulin gene into the bacterial plasmid.
2. Cut out the insulin gene using restriction enzymes. Cut the bacterial plasmid with the same restriction enzymes.
3. The bacterium multiplies, producing many bacterial cells that make the insulin protein.
4. Human insulin is isolated from the transgenic bacteria.
5. The recombinant plasmid containing the Insulin gene is taken up by a bacterium.

2,1,3,5,4

Explanation:

Transgene are artificially introduce gene in an organism.

Transgenic organism- they are organism that contains transgene. Transgene and Transgenic organism are terms used in genetic engineering. Gene cloning or transgene could lead to transformation of individual and have been used in producing Genetically modified organisms.

The steps include;

1.Cut out the insulin gene using restriction enzymes. Cut the bacterial plasmid with the same restriction enzymes.- restriction enzymes are endonucleases

2. Ligase -pastes the insulin gene into the bacterial plasmid.

3. The bacterium multiplies, producing many bacterial cells that make the insulin protein

4.The recombinant plasmid containing the Insulin gene is taken up by a bacterium.

5.. Human insulin is isolated from the transgenic bacteria

Note that for gene cloning - there must be a gene to be introduced, a vector, host cell where the gene will multiply and a means of introduction that transformant the organisms and a means of getting a whole organism.

a fossil fuel is a fuel formed by natural processes, such as anaerobic decomposition of buried dead organisms, containing energy originating in ancient photosynthesis.[1] the age of the organisms and their resulting fossil fuels is typically millions of years, and sometimes exceeds 650 million years.[2] fossil fuels contain high percentages of carbon and include petroleum, coal, and natural gas.[3] other commonly used derivatives include kerosene and propane. fossil fuels range from volatile materials with low carbon to hydrogen ratios like methane, to liquids like petroleum, to nonvolatile materials composed of almost pure carbon, like anthracite coal. methane can be found in hydrocarbon fields either alone, associated with oil, or in the form of methane clathrates.

the theory that fossil fuels formed from the fossilized remains of dead plants by exposure to heat and pressure in the earth's crust over millions of years was first introduced by andreas libavius "in his 1597 alchemia [alchymia]" and later by mikhail lomonosov "as early as 1757 and certainly by 1763".[4] the first use of the term "fossil fuel" was by the german chemist caspar neumann, in english translation in 1759.[5]

in 2017 the world's primary energy sources consisted of petroleum (34%), coal (28%), natural gas (23%), amounting to an 85% share for fossil fuels in primary energy consumption in the world.[6] non-fossil sources in 2006 included nuclear (8.5%), hydroelectric (6.3%), and others (geothermal, solar, tidal, wind, wood, waste) amounting to 0.9%.[7] world energy consumption was growing at about 2.3% per year. in 2015 about 18% of worldwide consumption was from renewable sources.[8]

if the type of the food available changes, then the frequency of beak types will change, because birds with beaks more suited to the available food will be more successful over time.