A patient presents with the following symptoms: nausea, vomiting, problems with eye movement, dry mouth, sore throat, difficulty swallowing, no gag reflex, and extreme weakness. Patient is alert and oriented during the exam. What toxin do you suspect and how do you treat it

Toxin: Botulinum

Treatment: Antitoxin, supportive care

Explanation:

The patient’s symptoms like nausea, vomiting, eye movement problems, dry mouth, swallowing difficulties, absence of gag reflex, and extreme weakness are due to botulism.

Botulism is a potential serious illness caused by the pathogenic bacterium called Clostridium botulinum. This bacteria releases the neurotoxic protein called botulinim which affects the nervous system by inhibiting the action of neurotransmitter, acetylcholine. This leads to a number of symptoms as above, flaccid paralysis and finally fatal also.  

The first line of treatment for botulism is providing antitoxin to prevent the action of toxin. Then respiratory support as needed, decontamination, and supportive therapy should be provided.

Supportive therapy includes respiratory support like ventilation, paralysis correction to help the patient eat and move.