For an ecological study, you monitor herbivore-plant interactions in a rainforest and notice that mammalian herbivores avoid the leaves of a particular species of plant. However, a number of tiny herbivorous insect generalists that feed by piercing individual plant cells with their mouthparts appear capable of completing their entire life cycle feeding on this same species. You hypothesize that in this species the chemical defenses are: a. stored in the cytoplasm of epidermal leaf cells. b. stored in the vacuole in an inactive form and are activated by enzymes in the cytoplasm. c. contained in a latex stored in vascular canals. d. non-existent.