In active transport,

a. molecules move across the plasma membrane by crossing the lipid bilayer directly, rather than by using a transport protein.
b. the plasma membrane forms a pocket that pinches inward, forming a vesicle that contains material from outside the cell.
c. no energy input is required from the cell.
d. a vesicle inside the cell fuses with the plasma membrane and releases its contents outside the cell.
e. molecules move across the plasma membrane against their concentration gradient.

e, molecules move across the plasma membrane against their concentration gradient.

Explanation:

It is called active transport because it needs energy input from the cell, thus being 'active.'

The reason the cell needs to put in energy is because it moves up against the gradient, which requires energy. It's like swimming upstream rather than following the currents.

not the best question format lol but what i think might as scale color is controlled by a single gene with two alleles, the green allele and the yellow allele. when moths that are homozygous for green scales are mated with moths that are homozygous for yellow scales, 100% of the offspring have green scales.