In Fred Griffith's experiments, harmless R strain pneumococcus became lethal S strain pneumococcus as the result of which of the following? 1. horizontal gene transfer 2. transduction 3. conjugation 4. transformation 5. genetic recombination

Explanation:

In Fred Griffith's experiments, harmless R (rough) strain pneumococcus became lethal S (smooth) strain pneumococcus as the result gene transfer from smooth to rough strain. Gene transfer is the process through which genes are transferred from one cell or organism to other, and after transfer, genetic recombination occurs. Griffith's this process is called  as transformation.

lizards have adapted to life in the desert. some desert lizards have toes with spiny scales to them run across the sand without sinking. some use the sand to hide from predators, or to search for small animals that they prey upon.