Which of the following is a NOT mechanism by which the biofuels are made? a. by reacting animal fat or vegetable oil with waterb. by fermenting sugar components of starchy cropsc. by reacting animal fat or vegetable oil with alcohold. by treating animal fat or vegetable oil with hydrogen

A. by reacting animal fat or vegetable oil with water.

D. by treating animal fat or vegetable oil with hydrogen

Explanation:

Water is insoluble in animal fat or vegetable oil so it makes a layer on the surface of oil. When animal fat or vegetable oil react with hydrogen, it produces solid oil called ghee not biofuels. Biofuel is produced when animal fat or vegetable oil react with alcohol.

Option A and D.

Explanation:

Biofuel is fuel that produced from either plants, algae or animals. There are four main types;

Ethanol that is made from corn.

Biodiesel made from animal fats and vegetable oil.

Green diesel made from algae and plant sources.

Biogas e.g methane made from animal manure and digested organic material.

Ethanol a type of biodiesel is made from fermentation of sugar components in starch crops.

Biodiesel is made from reaction between animals fats or vegetable oil with alcohol.

step 1: initiation

initiation is the beginning of transcription. it occurs when the enzyme rna polymerase binds to a region of a gene called the promoter. this signals the dna to unwind so the enzyme can ‘‘read’’ the bases in one of the dna strands. the enzyme is now ready to make a strand of mrna with a complementary sequence of bases.

step 2: elongation

elongation is the addition of nucleotides to the mrna strand. rna polymerase reads the unwound dna strand and builds the mrna molecule, using complementary base pairs. there is a brief time during this process when the newly formed rna is bound to the unwound dna. during this process, an adenine (a) in the dna binds to an uracil (u) in the rna.

step 3: termination

termination is the ending of transcription, and occurs when rna polymerase crosses a stop (termination) sequence in the gene. the mrna strand is complete, and it detaches from dna.

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