Individuals who smoke will have a higher frequency of developing cancer later in life. Which of the following would not be a potential extraneous variable for the stated hypothesis? A. the occurrence of lung cancer in subjects B. exposure to secondhand smoke C. the amount of cigarettes smoked per day by subject D. the number of years as a smoker

Refer to the family pedigree shown here. in generation i, one parent is affected by the gene mutation and one parent isn't. in generation ii, all three children are affected by the gene mutation. what can you conclude about this gene mutation? a. all children born in future generations will be affected by this disorder. b. this gene mutation is a dominant disorder. c. this gene mutation is a recessive disorder. d. the generation i mother is a carrier of this gene mutation.