How do the following particles enter the root hair cell:

Phosphate ion
Magnesium ion
Water molecules

answer:

They grow between soil particles and absorb water and minerals from the soil. Water enters the root hair cells by osmosis. This happens because soil water has a higher water potential than the cytoplasm of the root hair cell. Minerals enter by active transport

if someone had the list of traits you provided

yes, because even though a theory has a  lot of evidence to support it, it is not always true