1. What traits to all organisms (prokaryotes and eukaryotes) share? 2. Be able to understand the arguments against a separate Class Aves and a separate Domain Eukarya from paraphyly. 3. What do gram-positive and negative refer to? 4 What do high and low GC refer to? 5 What is the dormant form and some representative examples of low-GC gram-positive bacteria?

In the california poppy, an allele for yellow flowers (c) is dominant over an allele forwhite flowers (c). at an independently assorting locus, an allele for entire petals (f) isdominant over an allele for fringed petals (f ). a plant that is homozygous for yellow andentire petals is crossed with a plant that is white and fringed. a resulting f1 plant is thencrossed with a plant that is white and fringed, and the following progeny are produced: 54 yellow and entire; 58 yellow and fringed, 53 white and entire, and 10 white andfringed. using the chi-square test, what would the probability value (p-value) be?