In quiet breathing,

a. inspiration and expiration are both passive.
b. inspiration and expiration involve muscular contractions.
c. inspiration involves muscular contractions and expiration is passive.
d. inspiration is passive and expiration involves muscular contractions.
e. None of the answers is correct.

Explanation:

The process of moving air into and out of the lungs to facilitate gas exchange is called  Breathing. Air travels down the back of your throat and into your windpipe, which is divided into air passages called bronchial tubes.

Breathing: (i) Inspiration and (ii) Expiration.

Quiet breathing - The mode of breathing is the relaxed, normal breathing state that requires no control of any type. And it does not require the cognitive thought of the individual.

kelp are large brown algae that live in cool, relatively shallow waters close to the shore. they grow in dense groupings much like a forest on land. these underwater towers of kelp provide food and shelter for thousands of fish, invertebrates, and marine mammal species.

e) all of the above