Mismatches caused by errors in DNA replication are corrected by a repair system that must discriminate between the template strand and the newly synthesized strand. How does E. coli discriminate between the template strand and the newly synthesized strand?

Methylation state

Explanation:

After DNA replication some errors can occur in the newly synthesized strand. Therefore proofreading is important.

In E. coli, the template strand can be discriminated from the newly synthesized strand by the Methylation state.

The template or the old strand will have a methyl group ( -CH3) attached at some of its bases whereas newly synthesized strands lack the Methyl group.

the two answers are a, the population of birds with large beaks will increase on the island, and c, the trait for large beaks will be passed on to future generations through natural selection. the reason for that is because if the birds that have beaks developed for eating small seeds lose all of their food, they will go hungry and eventually starve because they physically cannot eat the large seeds, therefore making the population of large beaked birds higher. also, if the trait of large beaks are dominant on the island over small beaks, then over time the large beaked birds will reproduce more and more, while the smaller beaked birds will reproduce less and less because they can't survive with the food provided. that leads to the trait of small beaks disappearing and the trait of large beaks taking over the island.