Excess carbohydrates are stored in humans as a. starch deposits under the skin b. starch in the liver c. glycogen in the muscles and liver d. sugar deposits in muscles and the liver

c. glycogen in the muscles and liver

Explanation:

Carbohydrates (glucose) is the product of our digestion which enters into the bloodstream for transport into the cells to be used to provide energy. However, in a case whereby the glucose levels is excess in the body, the liver converts the excess glucose into complex chains of glucose molecules called GLYCOGEN.

This glycogen is stored in the liver cells and muscles and is reconverted back to glucose when glucose is in short supply. It is used when there is no more available glucose to metabolize and helps fulfil the energy requirements of the body.

an individual’s sex (i.e., whether they are a male or female) is determined by the sex chromosomes. most people have two sex chromosomes, one that is inherited from their mother and one that is inherited from their father. typically, females have two x chromosomes (xx) and males have one x chromosome and one y chromosome (xy). conditions caused by changes (“mutations”) in genes located on the x chromosome are considered x-linked.

x-linked recessive inheritance

most x-linked conditions are recessive. this means that in a person with two x chromosomes (most females), both copies of a gene (i.e., one on each x chromosome) must have a change or mutation whereas in a person with one x chromosome (most males), only one copy of a gene must have a mutation. a female with a mutation in one copy of a gene on the x chromosome is said to be a “carrier” for an x-linked condition. a male with a mutation in a gene on the x chromosome is typically affected with the condition. because females have two copies of the x chromosome and males have only one x chromosome, x-linked recessive diseases are more common among males than females. however, x-linked recessive diseases can occur in both males and females.

for x-linked recessive disorders, an unaffected carrier mother who has a mutation in a gene on the x chromosome can transmit either the x chromosome with this mutation or a “normal” x chromosome to her children. if the father is unaffected, none of her daughters will be affected and all of her daughters will be unaffected—since they will inherit at least one normal x chromosome from their father. however, each daughter will have a 50% chance of being an unaffected carrier like her mother and a 50% chance of both x chromosomes being normal.