In the California poppy, an allele for yellow flowers (C) is dominant over an allele for white flowers (c). At an independently assorting locus, an allele for entire petals (F) is dominant over an allele for fringed petals (f). A plant that is homozygous for yellow and entire petals is crossed with a plant that has white and fringed petals. A resulting F1 plant is then crossed with a plant that has white and fringed petals, and the following progeny are produced: 54 yellow and entire; 58 yellow and fringed; 53 white and entire; and 10 white and fringed. a. Use a chi-square test to compare the observed numbers of progeny having each phenotype with those expected for the cross. b. What conclusion can you draw from the results of the chi-square test

Parents: yellow, entire petals (CC FF) × white, fringed petals (cc ff) F1 (Cc Ff)

For the cross of a heterozygous F1 individual (Cc Ff) with a homozygous recessive

individual (cc ff) we would expect a phenotypic ratio of 1:1:1:1 for the different phenotypic classes.

Phenotype Observed (O) Expected (E) (O - E)2/ E or ( 2)

Yellow, entire 54 43.75 2.40

Yellow, fringed 58 43.75 4.64

White, entire 53 43.75 1.96

White, fringed 10 43.75 26.0

Total 175 175 35

Degrees of freedom = 4 - 1 = 3. The chi-square value is greater than 12.838 for a probability value less than .005, or 0.5% that random chance produced the observed ratio of California poppies.

B .t is unlikely that random variations produced the observed ratio.

Explanation:

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when it is at an intermediate population density

ans.

dna fingerprinting is defined as a process that determines the dna characteristics of an individual. these dna characteristics are unique among individuals as their fingerprints, so it is known as dna fingerprinting.

steps of dna fingerprinting includes extraction of dna from sample, amplification of dna, restriction digestion of amplified dna, and then analysis of dna by gel electrophoresis, respectively.

thus, the next step performed by the scientist is 'to cut the amplified dna (obtained by polymerase chain reaction) by restriction enzymes that cleave the dna into fragments and their analysis.'