The results from research have been known to produce harms to members of the sampled population who do not actually participate in the research study. an example of the type of research that could result in group harms by stigmatizing members of the group (even for individuals who do not participate in the research) is:
a. a study designed to investigate a genetic link between dna samples found at a prehistoric central asian archeological site and west coast american indian tribes.
b. a hair restoration study
c. a study to establish national reading standards in ten year old children
d. a study on the efficacy of a new birth control device in middle aged women

With the description of the different cell walls, membranes, and associated proteins set in the students' minds, you now need to introduce them to the idea that the cell wall can also act as a foundation to build things upon. bacterial appendages require a strong foundation that will offer the support needed to move and function in a dynamic world. for example, flagella are long, whiplike protein structures that are used by many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria for locomotion. in order to function effectively, a flagellum must be firmly anchored to the cell wall. how will you be able to get across the idea that the peptidoglycan cell wall is strong enough to support such a mechanism? with a protein rod that passes through the cell wall and protein rings used to anchor it in the membranes, these basal bodies are the rudimentary biological motors that use atp power to spin the hook and the flagella attached to it. bacterial flagella have a biological motor that spins within the cell wall and is powered by atp. this allows the flagella to spin in a whiplike motion to propel the bacterium.

How does the author's purpose in this passage differ from an author writing about her personal struggle living with asthma?

Abnormal softening of a gland is known as