How have anthropologists attempted to address the negative effects of massive cultural change imposed on less powerful groups by elite cultures?

Explanation:

Mass culture is a set of cultural objects, goods or services, produced by cultural industries, which are aimed at a diverse audience.

According to critics, such as Adorno, the mass follows the same thing. According to the Frankfurt School, mass culture is the main means through which capital would have achieved its greatest success. Then, the whole system of mass production of goods, services and ideas would have accepted, in general terms, the model imposed by the capitalist system by the hand of consumerism, technology and rapid satisfaction. This culture is defined through the mass media from the nineteenth century (printing, radio, cinema, television, and even today with the Internet). From this appear the mass societies that are shaped by a society of individuals aligned to capitalism, where the bourgeoisie has the power to introduce products, ideologies, etc. into society. and thus curtail the freedom of expression of a fully capitalized society.

It is considered as the development of a new model in which differences and inequalities are reinforced with increasingly developed marketing strategies and instruments. Science and knowledge are put at the service of the production of stereotyped values and symbols.

The three fundamental pillars of this culture are: a commercial culture, a consumer society and an advertising institution

an individual’s sex (i.e., whether they are a male or female) is determined by the sex chromosomes. most people have two sex chromosomes, one that is inherited from their mother and one that is inherited from their father. typically, females have two x chromosomes (xx) and males have one x chromosome and one y chromosome (xy). conditions caused by changes (“mutations”) in genes located on the x chromosome are considered x-linked.

x-linked recessive inheritance

most x-linked conditions are recessive. this means that in a person with two x chromosomes (most females), both copies of a gene (i.e., one on each x chromosome) must have a change or mutation whereas in a person with one x chromosome (most males), only one copy of a gene must have a mutation. a female with a mutation in one copy of a gene on the x chromosome is said to be a “carrier” for an x-linked condition. a male with a mutation in a gene on the x chromosome is typically affected with the condition. because females have two copies of the x chromosome and males have only one x chromosome, x-linked recessive diseases are more common among males than females. however, x-linked recessive diseases can occur in both males and females.

for x-linked recessive disorders, an unaffected carrier mother who has a mutation in a gene on the x chromosome can transmit either the x chromosome with this mutation or a “normal” x chromosome to her children. if the father is unaffected, none of her daughters will be affected and all of her daughters will be unaffected—since they will inherit at least one normal x chromosome from their father. however, each daughter will have a 50% chance of being an unaffected carrier like her mother and a 50% chance of both x chromosomes being normal.

cells use diffusion to get substances in and out of themselves. that diffusion will occur across the cell membrane or the outer covering of the cell. because we are talking about the surface of the cell, surface area and volume are  important factors here. as a cell increases in size, its surface area and volume increase as well.  we call that the surface area to volume ratio (sa: vol).  but the catch is that  volume increases at a greater rate than surface  area. in other words, as a cell gets bigger, the sa: vol gets smaller. so a really small cell like bacteria is mostly cell membrane (surface) with very little contents (volume). a really big cell like an egg, is mostly insides with a super thin membrane. so what ends up happening is that the cell cannot efficiently diffuse all of the stuff it needs in/out to survive. therefore cell size is limited to about 100mm. so how do we make organisms bigger than 100mm? cells divide! by dividing and becoming multicellular, organisms are able to grow!   check out the diagrams i attached to see the effect of sa: vol. i hope this ! good luck!