What are the factors that govern the degree of overlap of atomic orbitals on different atoms?

The following factors govern the degree of overlap of atomic orbitals on different atoms.

1) symmetry of the orbitals

2) Energy of the orbitals

3) Orientation of the orbitals

The two overlapping orbitals must have the correct symmetry. Orbitals that do not have the appropriate symmetry can not overlap in a manner that leads to bond formation.

For orbitals to overlap, they must be comparable in energy. Orbitals that are far apart in energy can not overlap effectively leading to bond formation.

The lobes of the orbitals must point in the right direction (they must have the correct orientation) in order to ensure effective overlap leading to bond formation.

Learn more: link

The orientation of the orbitals, the energy difference between them, their orbital sizes, and distance between the orbitals

Explanation:

1. Orientation

For example, the overlap between two p orbitals is roughly proportional to the cosine of the angle between them. An angle of 0° gives the best possible orbital overlap An angle of 90° means that the orbitals are orthogonal and have zero overlap. An angle of 180° means they are out of phase. There will be destructive overlap, and you will get an antibonding π* orbital.

2. Energy difference

If two orbitals have similar energies, they will have good overlap. The greater the energy difference, the poorer the orbital overlap. For example, a 3p orbital is higher in energy than a 2p. It can overlap efficiently with another 3p orbital, but not as well with a lower-energy 2p orbital.

3. Size difference

As the energy of an orbital increases, so does its size. A carbon 2p orbital cannot overlap efficiently with a chlorine 3p orbital that is twice its size.

4. Distance

The greater the distance between two orbitals, the poorer is their overlap.

a fossil fuel is a fuel formed by natural processes, such as anaerobic decomposition of buried dead organisms, containing energy originating in ancient photosynthesis.[1] the age of the organisms and their resulting fossil fuels is typically millions of years, and sometimes exceeds 650 million years.[2] fossil fuels contain high percentages of carbon and include petroleum, coal, and natural gas.[3] other commonly used derivatives include kerosene and propane. fossil fuels range from volatile materials with low carbon to hydrogen ratios like methane, to liquids like petroleum, to nonvolatile materials composed of almost pure carbon, like anthracite coal. methane can be found in hydrocarbon fields either alone, associated with oil, or in the form of methane clathrates.

the theory that fossil fuels formed from the fossilized remains of dead plants by exposure to heat and pressure in the earth's crust over millions of years was first introduced by andreas libavius "in his 1597 alchemia [alchymia]" and later by mikhail lomonosov "as early as 1757 and certainly by 1763".[4] the first use of the term "fossil fuel" was by the german chemist caspar neumann, in english translation in 1759.[5]

in 2017 the world's primary energy sources consisted of petroleum (34%), coal (28%), natural gas (23%), amounting to an 85% share for fossil fuels in primary energy consumption in the world.[6] non-fossil sources in 2006 included nuclear (8.5%), hydroelectric (6.3%), and others (geothermal, solar, tidal, wind, wood, waste) amounting to 0.9%.[7] world energy consumption was growing at about 2.3% per year. in 2015 about 18% of worldwide consumption was from renewable sources.[8]

sorry to break it to ya but no one can answer your question it's just

jk but i am serious about the part that most people cant answer it beacuse you did not mention the section you are talking about. but it would if you added some detail and were a bit more specific.