A group of cells is tested for DNA content immediately following mitosis and is found to have an average of 8 picograms of DNA per nucleus. Based on this information, how many pictograms of DNA would you expect to find at the end of the S phase and the end of the G2 phase?

At the end of S phase: 16

At the end of G2 phase: 16

Explanation:

The cells formed by the end of mitosis had 8 picograms of DNA. These cells entered in the process of the cell cycle. The G1 phase of interphase would duplicate their cellular content. S phase of interphase would include DNA replication. During this phase, the content of DNA in the nuclei of these cells would be doubled. By the end of the S phase, there would be 16 picograms of DNA in nuclei of each of these cells.

These cells would enter the G2 phase where the DNA content is maintained. Therefore, by the end of the G2 phase, each of these cells would have 16 picograms of DNA.

hormones in blood stream

image: dtc.ucsf.edu

endocrine glands secrete hormones into the blood stream near them; the hormones then travel in our bloodstream until it reaches its destination, called a target cell, in distance parts of the body. in the target tissue, hormones lock onto the target’s plasma membrane, called the receptor site.

you are certainly talking about this picture:

a: is the label of the white square, it is showing the  replication fork, formed by helicase (d) ==> so it is the site of dna separation and replication 

b: is a new dna brand that is following directly the replication fork, so it is continuous ==> built continuously from 5' to 3

c: dna polymerase cannot replicate dna on its own, it needs the of their proteins, and one of them plays the role of a clamp which fixes  the dna with the dna template and increases  the processivity of the enzyme. ==>   stops polymerase from falling off the  template.

d: is the enzyme responsible for forming the replication fork (helicase) ==> unwinds and separates dna into two strands

e: is the delayed strand, it is built  in the opposite sense of the helicase, so dna will be built in fragments ==> built  fragments from 5' to 3 joins

and finally f: is the enzyme that builds  the new dna strand (dna polymerase) ==>   adds nucleotides to make a new dna helix.

credit: gradman555p98x9p

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