Suppose a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification process begins with exactly one double-stranded template DNA. How many DNA molecules are present after 30 cycles of PCR? Assume no substrates are limiting and DNA polymerase is maximally active throughout the PCR process. number of DNA molecules: Suppose DNA polymerase introduces a single point mutation during cycle 11. How many mutant DNA molecules are present at the end of 30 cycles of PCR?

1. seamount a raised footwall block between normal fault creates this 2. syncline break between rocks where a hanging wall rises relative to a footwall 3. hot spring on rolling hills, this a dip between hills 4. volcanic neck created when a block with hanging walls slips down between normal faults 5. caldera underwater volcano that never reaches above sea level 6. horst natural hot water on earth's surface containing many minerals 7. graben underwater volcano whose top is eroded flat by waves 8. crater less than a mile in diameter; looks like a bowl at the top of a volcano 9. guyot magma that filled the central vent that remains after the volcano has eroded 10. reverse fault over 1 mile in diameter; looks like a bowl over a volcano