The resurrection fern (Pleopeltis polypodioides) grows on the bark of southern live oak trees (Quercus virginiana). Resurrection ferns that grow on the underside of branches receive less water than those growing on the topside and, therefore, have a fitness of only 0.28. How many of these ferns will be non-reproducing?

a. 52%
b. 72%
c. 80%
d. 28%

b. 72%

Explanation:

Survival rate of underside of branches & topside of branches resurrection ferns are equal. Let say p + q = 1

Resurrection ferns that grow on the underside of branches receive less water than those growing on the topside and, therefore, have a fitness of only 0.28

That shows and indicate that they vary in reproducing factor.

let the reproducing factor be (p) = 0.28

let the no-reproducing factor be (q) = ???

0.28 + q = 1

q = 1 - 0.28

q = 0.72

q = 72 %

sheep is a herbivore animal whereas grasshopper belongs to the class chordates but both of them feed on greens.  

if grasshopper and sheep feeding on a pasture land, i do not think both of them will have any impact on each other. however, the number of the species can make difference. since sheep feed on greens, there is a possibility there left no pasture land for the grasshoppers or they may get extinct.