An ___ ___ is observed due to the unequal transport of charge by a transport mechanism that occurs across a plasma membrane.

An electrogenic effect

Explanation:

An electrogenic transport is a process where there is a translocation of net charge across the membrane. E.g of electrogenic channels are Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Cl− channels.

it cools slower in the earth meaning the crystals have more time to form than lava on the surface