Repeating Investigations
11. Why do scientists assume that experimental results can be reproduced?
12. What did Anton van Leeuwenhoek discover?
13. What did John Needham conclude from his test of Redi’s findings?
14. What did Spallanzani do to improve upon Redi’s and Needham’s work?
15. How did Pasteur settle the spontaneous generation argument?

PLEASE HELP I WILL GIVE 15 POINTS !!

11. Why do scientists assume that experimental results can be reproduced? A key assumption in science is that nature behaves in a consistent manner.

12. What did Anton van Leeuwenhoek discover? He discovered a world of tiny moving objects, which he called "animalcules," in rainwater, pond water, and dust.

13. What did John Needham conclude from his test of Redi’s findings? He concluded that the little animals in a bottle of broth could only have come from the juice of the broth.

14. What did Spallanzani do to improve upon Redi’s and Needham’s work? He boiled two containers of broth, assuming that the boiling would kill any microorganisms that were present.

15. How did Pasteur settle the spontaneous generation argument? He designed a special flask to show that as long as broth was protected from microorganisms, it remained free of living things.

Explanation:

velocity and height

step 1: nitrogen fixation- conversion of atmospheric no₂ into forms useful to plants by lightning, bacteria, and cyanobacteria.

step 2: nitrification-process of converting ammonia to nitrite or nitrate.

step 3: assimilation-plant roots absorb new form of nitrogen.

step 4: ammonification-conversion of organic nitrogen to ammonia by bacteria involved in decomposition.

step 5: denitrification-bacteria turns the decomposed matter back into n₂o, which is released into atmosphere; repeat cycle.