Ultraviolet radiation causes mutations in the DNA of skin cells that have been exposed to the Sun. Will such mutations have any effect on future offspring?

Yes

Explanation:

If this mutations that occurs in the parents becomes 'fixed' meaning that the damages that occurred could not be repaired by the DNA repair system and the cell bypass the mutation allow it to remain fixed after every round of cell division. This mutation can be passed on if the mutations are present in the germ cells of the parents and its effects might be exhibited by the future offsprings

the organisms are not adapted to live in some communities or habitats.

the framers of the constitution insisted that federal judges be nominated instead of elected due to their desire to have judges above the shifting whims of the masses.

the hope, whether achieved or not, was that federal judges would only be beholden to the law and that by not having judges be elected, they would be protected if that law dictated an outcome that ran counter to popular opinion.