Assume that VEq for K+ and Na+ is -90mV and 60mV respectively. Assume also that the membrane potentials have been clamped (i. e. fixed at a particular value) by a probe inserted inside the membrane, and that the the voltages shown on the right are these clamped membrane potentials. A positive membrane potential means there is a net positive charge on the inside of the membrane. Draw arrows to illustrate the direction of the electrical, chemical and electrochemical gradients. If the electrical or chemical gradient is zero (nonexistent) then draw a double-headed arrow
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Assume that VEq for K+ and Na+ is -90mV and 60mV respectively. Assume also that the membrane potenti...
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