The secondary structure of proteins results because of bonding between molecules in the protein molecules' backbone.

Hydrogen bonding

Explanation:

The newly synthesised proteins as a result of the process of translation are linear structures formed by linear arrangement of amino acids.

The linear structure of a protein is known as the primary structure which changes its conformation and take the shape of either the helix or the pleated sheet. This helical or pleated sheet structure is known as a secondary structure.

The secondary structure is formed due to the bond formed between the hydrogen of the carbonyl group and the amino group which form the backbone of the protein structure. The hydrogen bond causes the linear polypeptide to form spiral helical or bend pleated sheet.

Thus, Hydrogen bonding is the correct answer.

answer: substrate concentration. enzymes work best when there is a high enough substrate concentration for the reaction they catalyse.