Testing your ability to recall information you have just studied improves your long-term retention of that information. psychologists have referred to this as
a) sq3r.
b) introspection.
c) the testing effect.
d) positive psychology.

The testing effect  

Explanation:

The testing effect can be generally used to find out that long-term memory is generally increased when a bit of the (adapting)learning period is spend towards retrieving what is to be retained in the brain.

This effect is often referred as practice testing or retrieval practice. This is required to test what is retained in the brain which was studied over a long time back.

This effect is known as the testing effect.

the answer is "a.) well–developed vascular system."

explanation:

chert is a sedimentary rock composed of microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline silica. with this little bit of information, you can come to the conclusion that your answer is c.  

explanation: