Apopulation of 100 butterflies living on an acre of land loses three-quarters of its members when a sudden freeze in the spring occurs just after they emerge as caterpillars. this population has undergone a reduction in population size due to

a. a density-independent factor.
b. natural selection.
c. an intrinsic factor.
d. a density-dependent factor.

Option A (Density-independent factor)

Explanation:

Density-independent factor is a population regulation factor that affect or influence the size of a population without considering the population density. Climate and weather are the main density-independent factors in nature.

Their effects increment is directly proportional to the increase in population size. These factors are environmental agents that checkmate the size of a population without putting the reproductive and behavioral patterns of the organisms into consideration.

step 1 ammonium can be absorbed by plants, but some is converted into nitrates which are better for plants to absorb. this is called nitrification. 2. step 2 the deer eats the plants and uses the nitrogen-containing proteins for cell growth. 3. step 3 bacteria in the soil conduct nitrogen fixation to convert nitrogen gas from the atmosphere into ammonium. 4. step 4 some of the nitrates are absorbed back into plants, but denitrification breaks down the nitrates into nitrogen gas released back into the atmosphere. 5. step 5 nitrogen is found in the urine, which gets broken down into ammonium through the process of ammonification. 6. step 6 plants absorb the ammonium and begin assimilation, the process to add the nitrogen to protein.