Which of the following is not part of the normal process of cloning recombinant dna in a bacterial host cell?

a. restriction endonuclease digestion of plasmid dnaâs
b. production of new recombinant dna using dna ligase and digested plasmid dnas
c. joining of the target dna and the plasmid cloning vector in order to create a newly synthesized dna
d. transformation of bacterial host cells by the recombinant dna plasmids and selection using kanamycin
e. production of mrna from the cloned gene
f. none of the above