Jonas drew a diagram to compare two types of fossils.

which label belongs in the area marked z?

a) involves minerals replacing remains of organism

b) takes millions of years to form

c) gives evidence of organism’s activity

d) forms as sediment hardens

(i will mark ! )

The kidney filters potentially toxic substances in the blood, and thus “clears” the blood of those substances. this clearance function is dependent upon and proportional to the diffusion gradient of the substance across filtering capillaries, i.e. if the concentration of the substance is doubled, twice as much will be cleared from each ml of blood that is filtered. suppose that the body produces a constant amount of a substance x per unit of time. the kidneys eliminate substance x at a rate directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the volume of blood cleared each minute (c): elimination = c × [x], where [x] is the steady-state concentration of substance x. imagine an individual with an initial concentration of x equal to [x]0 who develops kidney disease. her baseline clearance c0 drops to one half of the original (½c0). what is the new steady state concentration of x? (for simplicity, assume that substance x is 100% filtered by the kidney).

What is the significance of the protein-lined pits? a. protein attracts other proteins needed for atp synthesis within the cell. b. protein-lined pits are able to transport one molecule at a time down the concentration gradient within the cell. c. the polarity of proteins allows other polar molecules to attach and be transported in the cell by transport channels. d. receptors within the pits allow ligands to fuse and be transported into the cell by endocytosis.

In a lab, scientists grew several generations of offspring of a plant using the method shown. what conclusion can you make about the offspring? a. they formed from meiosis and mitosis. b. they have half the number of chromosomes as their parent. c. they have low genetic variability among them. d. they will be able to reproduce only after they grow flowers.