Longitudinal waves
o usually occur in solids
o are formed by electromagnetic radiation
have particle movement parallel to the direction of the energy
o have particle movement perpendicular to the direction of the energy

Longitudinal waves  have particle movement parallel to the direction of the energy.

Explanation:

A type of wave in which the particles in the medium move parallel to the direction of the propagation of the wave is known as a longitudinal wave. A sound wave traveling through air is an example of a longitudinal wave. Here, the particles vibrate back and forth in a direction parallel to the energy transport.

A type of wave in which the medium's particle movement is perpendicular to the direction of the propagation of the wave (or the direction of the energy transport) is known as a transverse wave. Transverse waves and longitudinal waves can travel through a solid medium. Longitudinal waves can travel through fluid mediums (liquid or gas) like air or water while transverse waves require a relatively rigid medium to transmit their energy.

Earthquakes generate both transverse and longitudinal waves that travel through the earth's solid structures. Only longitudinal waves can travel through the earth's core. An electromagnetic wave is produced by the vibration of charged particles and can transmit its energy through a vacuum. An example is light waves.

explanation:

b,bacteria convert nitrates

into nitrogen gas.

d,plants and animals take in

and use nitrogen compounds.

e,bacteria break down waste    

products and return nitrogen  

to the soil.

a,bacteria convert atmospheric

nitrogen to ammonia.

c,bacteria convert ammonia

to nitrites and nitrates.

the correct answer is 2 and 4