"essay on the principle of population", written by thomas malthus in 1798, influenced darwin's thoughts as he struggled to understand what mechanisms could be at work to produce evolution. malthus proposed that populations of animals and plants, including humans,

a. increased arithmetically in numbers while the nutrients available only increased geometrically
b. increased geometrically in numbers while the nutrients available only increased arithmetically
c. decreased arithmetically in numbers while the nutrients available increased geometrically
d. evolved from mainland to islands, thus explaining why the island flora and fauna resembled the mainland species so closely

Malthus proposed that populations of animals and plants, including humans, increased geometrically in numbers while the nutrients available only increased arithmetically.

Option B

Explanation:

Essay on the Principle of Population is a famous book for the evolution scientists which studies in details about the Darwin’s theory of evolution. Darwin clearly said the struggle for existence and the survival of fittest. These terms meant a lot. The struggle in a population came because of the scarcity of food in the population.

And this scarcity came because of the geometric increase in the population but an arithmetic increase in the supply of food. This lead to the scarcity of food, and the availability is strictly restricted to the individuals who are more capable than others.  

which are post-impressionist paintings? check all that apply?

explanation:

post-impressionism is a predominantly french art movement that developed roughly between 1886 and 1905, from the last impressionist exhibition to the birth of fauvism. post-impressionism emerged as a reaction against impressionists' concern for the naturalistic depiction of light and color.

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clumped distribution, because you'de have all of the population gathered in a relatively small are.

it's the most common because it provides protection and a mate for reproduction

example: humans, seeweed, cattles, etc.