Dead zones are areas along the coasts where rivers spill excess nutrients into the oceans. microorganisms feed on these nutrients, which in turn causes them to use up all the in the water and kill larger organisms like fish.
1. sediments
2. phosphorus
3. oxygen
4. nitrogen

3. oxygen

Explanation:

Dead zones are hypoxic (lacking oxygen) water bodies (oceans, lakes, rivers) where there is an increase in nutrients (generally nitrogen and phosphorous) that lead to an excessive population of algae that lowers oxygen levels. These conditions make life impossible in these areas, therefore, their name.

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fertilization, pictured in figure 24.23a is the process in which gametes (an egg and sperm) fuse to form a zygote. the egg and sperm each contain one set of chromosomes. to ensure that the offspring has only one complete diploid set of chromosomes, only one sperm must fuse with one egg. in mammals, the egg is protected by a layer of extracellular matrix consisting mainly of glycoproteins called the zona pellucida. when a sperm binds to the zona pellucida, a series of biochemical events, called the acrosomal reactions, take place. in placental mammals, the acrosome contains digestive enzymes that initiate the degradation of the glycoprotein matrix protecting the egg and allowing the sperm plasma membrane to fuse with the egg plasma membrane, as illustrated in figure 24.23b. the fusion of these two membranes creates an opening through which the sperm nucleus is transferred into the ovum. the nuclear membranes of the egg and sperm break down and the two haploid genomes condense to form a diploid genome.

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