Determine whether heating or cooling takes place during each process:

evaporation
condensation
freezing
melting
sublimation
deposition

Heating takes place during the process of Evaporation, Melting, Sublimation.

Cooling takes place during the process of Freezing, Condensation, Deposition.

Explanation :

Heating : It means thermal energy releases.

Cooling : It means thermal energy absorbs.

Evaporation : It is a type of vaporization process in which a liquid changes into gas phase by providing heat.

Melting : It is a process in which a solid changes into liquid phase by providing heat.

Sublimation : It is a process in which a solid changes directly into gas phase without passing through a liquid phase.

Freezing : It is a process in which a liquid transform into a solid phase at low temperature.

Condensation : It is a process in which a water vapor(gas) changes into liquid state at low temperature.

Deposition : It is a process in which a gas transforms directly into a solid phase without passing through a liquid phase.

Explanation:

characterization of nanoparticles is a critical step in nanomaterial production as it provides information of dimension, morphology, surface charge, distribution and degree of surface functionalization.