Chronic myelogenous leukemia (cml) is caused when a segment of chromosome 9 and a segment of chromosome 22 both break off and switch places. what type of mutation is this?

The correct answer is reciprocal translocation.

Explanation:

Being more specific, the type of reciprocal translocation that is caused when a segment of chromosome 9 and a segment of chromosome 22 both break off and switch places is The Philadelphia chromosome.

What happens here is that a part of chromosome 9 translocates to chromosome 22, once there it takes the place of a part of fragment 22, which will be translocated to chromosome 9. The latter is what is known as the Philadelphia chromosome.

In the case of this type of genetic mutation, this type of chromosome is the most famous in terms of malignant diseases and is carried by 90% of people with chronic myelogenous leukemia, being discovered in the year 1960.

cells use diffusion to get substances in and out of themselves. that diffusion will occur across the cell membrane or the outer covering of the cell. because we are talking about the surface of the cell, surface area and volume are  important factors here. as a cell increases in size, its surface area and volume increase as well.  we call that the surface area to volume ratio (sa: vol).  but the catch is that  volume increases at a greater rate than surface  area. in other words, as a cell gets bigger, the sa: vol gets smaller. so a really small cell like bacteria is mostly cell membrane (surface) with very little contents (volume). a really big cell like an egg, is mostly insides with a super thin membrane. so what ends up happening is that the cell cannot efficiently diffuse all of the stuff it needs in/out to survive. therefore cell size is limited to about 100mm. so how do we make organisms bigger than 100mm? cells divide! by dividing and becoming multicellular, organisms are able to grow!   check out the diagrams i attached to see the effect of sa: vol. i hope this ! good luck!