Your dog has puppies. a pair of homologous chromosomes inside a puppy's cell
a. must be genetically identical
b. must have the same alleles in the same locations
c. were both inherited from the same parent
d. will fight with each other to determine which one will be dominant
e. will have the same genes at the same locations

The correct answer is E. will have the same genes at the same locations.

Explanation:

Homologous chromosomes are the pair chromosomes one from each parent that have similarities in length, size, gene position, and centromere position. Homologous chromosomes have the same genes at the same location on the chromosome.

One gene can be found in multiple forms called alleles but a homologous chromosome can have a maximum of two alleles of a gene and these alleles can be the same(homozygous) or different(heterozygous) and can be dominant or recessive.  

So a pair of homologous chromosomes inside a puppy's cell will have the same gene at the same location but can have different alleles of that gene.

the answer to the blank provided is “an autosomal gene that is required for the expression of genes on the x chromosome”.

testis-determining factor, abbreviated as td, which is more popularly known as sex-determining region y or sry protein, is a dna-binding protein or  gene-regulatory protein/transcription factor, encoded by the  sry gene. it is the gene responsible for the initiation of male gender determination in humans.