2) through what regulatory mechanisms can a transplanted heart, which does not
any innervation, adjust cardiac output to meet the changing needs of the body post-
transplant? explain mechanisms for both increasing and decreasing cardiac output that
wouldn't involve innervation of the heart.

The return of the wolf to yellowstone national park will probably affect the bird population to some degree, not significantly. while wolves will hunt birds when necessary, they prefer to hunt larger prey. the bird population will most likely only be affected when hunting is scarce for the wolves. birds of prey will also probably not be affected as much as other birds who spend more time on the ground hunting for food as the tend to spend more time in the air or in trees since they do not need to stay on the ground for long due to the nature of the way they hunt.

Amutation is basically the change in the gene, caused by alteration of single based units in the dna, or the genes or chromosomes were rearranged in the dna