An inorganic mineral is not composed of anything that was once

a. oxidized

b. alive

c. used

d. crystallized

e. reduced

Liquid water turns into water vapor at which step in the water cycle? a. precipitation o b. water run off c. evaporation d. condensation

Which is an advantage of having memory cells when a pathogen is encountered for a second time. a) the memory cells are what proliferate into clones of cells in response to the binding of an antigen. b) memory cells are vital to the primary immune response in that they immediately recognize pathogens even at the first encounter. c) memory cells are essentially effector cells that are short lived and attack antigens even without having a receptor specific to that antigen. d) it ensures that more lymphocytes with a receptor specific to a particular antigen will be present than in a host that had never encountered that pathogen.

What are the student's observations and inferences before he starts his investigation?