Males of some species have proteins in their ejaculate that cause the female to be less attractive to other males for some period of time. such a trait probably evolved initially through but could also lead to if remating is beneficial for females
a) male-male competition; female choice
b) runaway selection; female choice
c) male-male competition; sexual conflict and antagonistic coevolution
d) female choice; sexual conflict and antagonistic coevolutio

C) male-male competition; sexual conflict and antagonistic coevolution

Explanation:

Male-male competition happens when two males of a species fight for the opportunity to mate with a specific female.

"1. it should be, it has been for about 20 years, and it's really not much different in the end than breeding animals to have particular traits. there are always concerns about genetically engineered animals/plants affecting the environment in unexpected negative ways, but i can't think of an example where the fears didn't turn out to be baseless.  

first, as you point out, it would be a great advance in pharmacology, to be able to tailor drugs and their doses to me. the pros involve better medical treatment. the cons involve privacy issues like insurance companies denying coverage to people with genetic risk factors. looking at dna markers wouldn't affect the frequency of genetic diseases, but it would allow detection of them earlier. and ok, actually i suppose that if people used this information to avoid having children with genetic diseases, some might decrease in frequency."