Select the statements that accurately describe different ways that translocations could lead to cancer.
a. a new sequence is added to a proto‑oncogene. the modified gene now produces a new protein that increases the rate of cell division.
b. a gene for a protein that is involved in a mitotic checkpoint is placed next to the regulatory sequence of a different gene. the gene is now expressed at inappropriate times.
c. a translocation disrupts a gene that encodes a protein required to pass through mitotic checkpoints. the resulting protein cannot function normally.
d. a gene for a protein that stimulates apoptosis is placed next to a regulatory sequence that increases the expression of the gene.
e. a translocation disrupts the sequence of a gene for a protein that stimulates apoptosis. the resulting protein cannot function properly.

The ways translocation can lead to cancer are;

1. A gene for a protein that is involved in a mitotic checkpoints is placed next to regulatory sequence of a different gene. The gene is noe expressed at in appropriate times.

2. Translocation disrupts the sequence of a gene for a protein that stimulates apoptosis .The resulting protein cannot function properly.

3. A new sequence is added to proto-oncogene. The modified gene now produce a new protein that increases the rate of cell division.

Explanation:

Chromosomal translocation is a process chromosomal abnormality where by a chromosome breaks, interchange and fuse to another chromosome entirely. It is the abnormal rearrangement of chromosomes. Chromosomal translocation that leads to cancer results from oncogene activation by a new enhancer and formation of oncogene fusion protein.

b. climate change will cause an increase in biodiversity of all ecosystems.

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