Energy in most ecosystems must flow through autotrophs because
a. only autotrophs can convert solar energy into chemical energy
b. autotrophs are simpler organisms than heterotrophs
c. heterotrophs only generate a small fraction of their energy from photosynthesis.
d. all of the above

Option A

Explanation:

Only autotrophs have the ability to convert solar energy into chemical energy by the process known as photosynthesis. The autotrophs can trap all the radiant energy and only 10% of total energy that autotrophs have is transferred to another tropic level.

The energy from the producers are transferred to the herbivores and 10% of the total energy the herbivores have is transferred to another levels.

So, the energy flow takes place through the autotrophs because only they have the ability to perform photosynthesis.

most community's take hundreds of years to become stable