Plant cells can be transformed by which of the following methods?
a. pcr
b. cleaving with restriction enzymes
c. dna ligation
d. mrna
e. recombinant ti plasmids

The correct answer is E Recombinant Ti plasmid.

Explanation:

Plant cells can be transformed by a process known as Agarobacterium tumefaciens mediated gene transfer.Agrobacterium is a gram negative bacteria causing a tumor called crown gall disease in the root nodules of various plants such as tobaco,tomato etc.

      During this process TDNA or transfer DNA from bacterium plasmid get incorporated in various sites of plant genome. The plasmid is called Ti or tumor inducing plasmid.

those characteristics are cellular organization, reproduction, metabolism, homeostasis, heredity, response to stimuli, growth and development, and adaptation through evolution. some things, such as a virus, demonstrate only a few of these characteristics and are, therefore, not alive