When hydrogen ions are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix across the inner membrane and into the intermembrane space, the result is the
a) formation of atp.
b) reduction of nad⁺.
c) restoration of the na⁺/k⁺ balance across the membrane.
d) creation of a proton-motive force.
e) lowering of ph in the mitochondrial matrix.

D) creation of a proton-motive force.

Explanation:

advantage of using stem cells in medical research:

1.       it provides medical benefits in the fields of therapeutic cloning and regenerative medicine.

2. it provides great potential for discovering treatments and cures to a variety of diseases including parkinson disease, spinal cord injuries, diabetes, alzheimer’s disease and many more.

3. limbs and organ could be grown in lab from stem cells and then used in transplant or treat illness.