In human genomes, the per nucleotide mutation rate is estimated to be about 2.5 x 10^-8. let us consider a recessive lethal genetic disease caused by a single point mutation. we will name the allele produced by this point mutation l, and the wild-type allele w. let us further assume that the disease phenotype expressed by ll individuals always kills those who have it before they reproduce. what would you predict the equilibrium frequency of the allele l be in the population after many generations? (you may assume hardy-weinberg equilibrium except for mutation and selection, and you may assume as an approximations that back-mutations from l to wild-type are rare enough to be ignored).

every el niño cycle is different. every year.

it provides an alternative energy pathway for the reaction to proceed.

a catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction but is not consumed during the course of the reaction.

catalysts increase the rate of reaction without being used up. they do this by lowering the activation energy needed. with a catalyst, more collisions result in a reaction, so the rate of reaction increases. different reactions need different catalysts.

a catalyst works by providing an alternative reaction pathway to the reaction product. the rate of the reaction is increased as this alternative route has a lower activation energy than the reaction route not mediated by the catalyst.

answer: zinc is the substance which has a volume of 1.38 .

density is defined as the mass of an object per unit volume.

it can be calculated by dividing mass of a substance by its volume i.e.

si unit of density is kg per cubic meter and cgs unit of the same is gram per cubic centimeter.

now from the given data volume can be calculated by the formula .

hence, the volume of aluminium will be = which comes out to be 1.703 .

similarly, volume of zinc, chromium, and nickel will be 1.378 , 0.869 , and 0.356 respectively.