How do bacteria exchange genetic information?

Well several things, during sexual reproduction, by which DNA is passed from one generation of cells to the next. Also, bacteria use double-stranded DNA as their genetic material. So therefore there are 3 ways that genetic information is exchanged:

Conjugation, Transformation,  and Transduction.

In conjugation, DNA passes through an extension on the surface of one bacterium and travels to another bacterium (Figure below). Bacteria essential exchange DNA via conjugation. In transformation, bacteria pick up pieces of DNA from their environment. In transduction, viruses that infect bacteria carry DNA from one bacterium to another.